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【目的】阐明小麦品种郑麦0943耐低氮高温的生理机制,为培育高产高效小麦新品种提供依据。【方法】以周麦18和矮抗58为对照,研究了正常、低氮、高温、低氮高温共同处理,对试验材料气体交换参数、叶绿素荧光参数、氮代谢相关酶活性、抗氧化酶活性、活性氧类物质和丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。【结果】低氮对小麦光合生理的影响显著大于高温,不同小麦品种的耐低氮高温特性存在显著差异。3种逆境处理下,郑麦0943的光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm),光化学猝灭系数(qP),PSⅠ活性均显著高于周麦18和矮抗58,超氧阴离子生成速率、过氧化氢(H2O2)和丙二醛(MDA)含量均显著低于周麦18和矮抗58,表现出较好的耐低氮高温特性。郑麦0943的硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)和谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均显著高于2个对照品种。【结论】低氮对小麦光合生理的影响显著大于高温,郑麦0943较2个对照品种具有更好的耐低氮高温特性,在逆境下具有较高的氮代谢相关酶和抗氧化酶活性,维持相对较高的光化学和碳同化效率。
Abstract：【Objective】 To illuminate the physiological mechanism of Zhengmai 0943 to low nitrogen and high temperature tolerance,and provide theoretical basis for breeding high yield and high efficiency wheat variety.【Method】We took Zhoumai 18(a check variety in national regional trial) and Aikang 58(a wide spread variety) as control materials.The gas exchange parameters,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,nitrogen metabolism and antioxidant enzyme activity,content of reactive oxygen species and malonaldehyde were measured and analyzed under normal treatment,low nitrogen stress treatment,high temperature stress treatment,low nitrogen and high temperature stress treatment.【Result】The effect of low nitrogen on photosynthetic physiology of wheat was significantly greater than high temperature,and the tolerance of different wheat varieties to low nitrogen and high temperature was significantly different.Under the three stress treatments,the net photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr),stomatal conductance(Gs),PSⅡ maximum photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm),photochemical quenching(qP) and PSⅠ activity of Zhengmai 0943 were significantly higher than those of Zhoumai 18 and Aikang 58.On the other hand,the superoxide anion formation rate,hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) and malondialdehyde(MDA) content of Zhengmai 0943 were significantly lower than those of Zhoumai 18 and Aikang 58,showing better resistance to low nitrogen and high temperature.The activities of nitrate reductase(NR),glutamine synthetase(GS),glutamate synthase(GOGAT),superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD) and catalase(CAT) of Zhengmai 0943were significantly higher than those of Zhoumai 18 and Aikang 58.【Result】 The effect of low nitrogen on the photosynthetic physiology of wheat was significantly greater than that of high temperature.Zhengmai 0943 had better resistance to low nitrogen and high temperature than the two control varieties,showed higher activity of nitrogen metabolism related and antioxidant enzyme under adversity,and maintained higher photochemical and carbon assimilation efficiency.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16445/j.cnki.1000-2340.20240301.001
中图分类号:S512.1
引用信息:
[1]齐学礼,王永霞,陈鹏等.不同胁迫下郑麦0943的耐低氮高温特性研究[J].河南农业大学学报,2024,58(02):187-194.DOI:10.16445/j.cnki.1000-2340.20240301.001.
基金信息:
国家小麦产业技术体系项目(CARS-03-7);; 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1200205)