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【目的】明确四川不同品种雪茄烟的生物碱质量分数、烟碱转化率及烟碱转化问题，并根据不同烟碱转化率对雪茄烟烟株进行筛选，以优化雪茄烟叶品质和提高烟叶安全性。【方法】对四川22个品种雪茄烟的中部叶进行分析，测定各供试品种的生物碱和总氮质量分数，并计算烟碱转化率。【结果】1)22个品种雪茄烟的生物碱质量分数均存在显著差异并存在严重的烟碱转化问题，所有供试品种总生物碱质量分数范围为1.07%～4.40%，平均值为2.59%；烟碱质量分数范围为0.23%～3.40%，平均值为1.87%；降烟碱质量分数范围为0.04%～2.33%，平均值为0.44%；烟碱转化率范围为2.57%～89.17%，平均值为17.52%；各品种雪茄烟降烟碱和烟碱转化率的变异系数分别达到130.96%和132.22%。2）四川22个品种雪茄烟烟碱转化株比例和分布存在显著差异，其中‘德雪202’的烟碱转化问题较小，平均烟碱转化率为2.57%；‘德雪202’‘万毛3号’及‘SCX14’非转化株所占比例较高，分别为95%、90%和80%；‘SCX4’和‘川雪4号’群体存在烟碱转化问题，平均烟碱和降烟碱质量分数分别0.23%和2.33%、0.45%和1.50%，平均烟碱转化率分别高达89.17%和73.73%，转化株比例分别高达100%和85%。【结论】要通过对雪茄烟品种生长前期烟株进行转化性状诱导和转化株鉴定，严格选择非转化株留种进行品种改良。
Abstract：【Objective】This study was conducted to clarify the alkaloid mass fraction, nicotine conversion rate and nicotine conversion problems of different varieties of cigar tobacco in Sichuan, and to screen cigar tobacco strains according to different nicotine conversion rates in order to optimise the quality and improve the safety of cigar tobacco leaves.【Method】The central leaves of 22 varieties of cigar tobacco from Sichuan were analysed to determine the alkaloid and total nitrogen mass fraction of each test variety and to calculate the nicotine conversion rate.【Result】 1) The alkaloid mass fraction of the 22 varieties of cigar tobacco varied significantly and had serious nicotine conversion problems, with total alkaloid mass fraction ranging from 1.07 to 4.40 per cent, with a mean of 2.59 per cent, nicotine mass fraction ranging from 0.23 to 3.40 per cent, with a mean of 1.87 per cent, and nicotine reduction ranging from 0.04 to 2.33 per cent, with a mean of 0.44 per cent, for all the varieties tested.The nicotine conversion rate ranged from 2.57% to 89.17%, with an average value of 17.52%, and the coefficients of variation for nicotine reduction and nicotine conversion rate of cigarillos of various varieties reached 130.96% and 132.22%, respectively.2) There were significant differences in the proportion and distribution of the 22 varieties of cigar tobacco converted strains in Sichuan, among which Dexue 202 had less problem of nicotine conversion, with an average nicotine conversion rate of 2.57 per cent, and Dexue 202, Wanmao No.3 and SCX14 had a high proportion of non-converted strains, with 95 per cent, 90 per cent and 80 per cent, respectively.The groups of SCX4 and Chuanxue No.4 had a serious problem of nicotine conversion, with an average of nicotine and descalcitrate mass fraction of 0.23% and 2.33%, 0.45% and 1.50%, respectively, with average nicotine conversion rates as high as 89.17% and 73.73%, and the proportion of converted strains as high as 100% and 85%, respectively.【Conclusion】 It is necessary to strictly select non-transformed plants for variety improvement by inducing transformation traits and identifying transformed plants in the pre-growth period of cigar tobacco varieties, and retaining non-transformed plants for planting.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16445/j.cnki.1000-2340.20241122.001
中图分类号:S572
引用信息:
[1]周甜,赵园园,张蓝月,等.四川雪茄烟生物碱质量分数及烟碱转化率分析[J].河南农业大学学报,2025,59(06):988-997.DOI:10.16445/j.cnki.1000-2340.20241122.001.
基金信息:
中国烟草总公司重大科技项目（110202201036(XJ-07)）; 四川省烟草公司资助项目（SCYC202124）