| 1,411 | 54 | 175 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
【目的】研究减氮配施生物炭基肥对蜜柚果园土壤理化性质、土壤酶活性的影响，以期为蜜柚果园土壤质量提升提供理论依据。【方法】试验于2020年12月—2021年11月在江西井冈蜜柚科技小院试验基地进行，设不施肥(CK)、优化施肥(OF)、优化施肥+生物炭(BOF)、生物炭基肥替代20%氮肥(BF20%)、生物炭基肥替代40%氮肥(BF40%)、生物炭基肥替代60%氮肥(BF60%)、生物炭基肥替代80%氮肥(BF80%)共7个处理，分析了减氮配施生物炭基肥条件下井冈蜜柚果园土壤理化性质指标及土壤酶活性。【结果】生物炭基肥的施用可以有效降低土壤容积质量，提高土壤孔隙度、含水率及田间持水量，随着生物炭基肥施用量的增加改良效果愈佳；生物炭基肥处理显著提高了土壤pH值，改良了土壤酸碱性，促进了土壤中微量元素有效性的提升，以BF40%处理效果最佳，土壤pH值较OF处理提高了27.22%,土壤交换性钙、交换性镁含量较OF处理分别提高了93.17%、48.81%;生物炭基肥能够显著提高土壤硝酸还原酶、亚硝酸还原酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶的活性，整体以BF40%处理的土壤酶活性相对较高；相关性分析表明，土壤容积质量、孔隙度、含水率及田间持水量之间存在显著的相关关系，土壤酶活性与其对应的土壤养分之间有着显著的正相关关系。【结论】生物炭基肥能够有效改善土壤孔隙结构，改良土壤酸性，有效提升土壤养分及酶活性，以BF40%处理效果最佳。
Abstract：【Objective】This paper aims to study the effects of nitrogen reduction with carbon-based fertilizer on soil physicochemical properties and soil enzyme activities in pomelo orchards, with a view to providing a theoretical basis for soil quality improvement in pomelo orchards. 【Methods】The experiment was conducted from December 2020 to November 2021 at the experimental base of Jiangxi Jinggang Pomelo Science and Technology Institute, and set up seven treatments, namely no fertilizer(CK), optimal fertilizer(OF), optimal fertilizer and biochar(BOF), carbon-based fertilizer replacing 20% nitrogen fertilizer(BF20%), carbon-based fertilizer replacing 40% nitrogen fertilizer(BF40%), carbon-based fertilizer replacing 60% nitrogen fertilizer(BF60%), and carbon-based fertilizer replacing 80% nitrogen fertilizer(BF80%). Meanwhile, the soil physicochemical properties and soil enzyme activities of Jinggang pomelo orchard under the conditions of nitrogen reduction and carbon-based fertilizer application were also analyzed. 【Results】The application of carbon-based fertilizer could effectively reduce soil volume quality, increase soil porosity, water content and field water holding capacity, and the improvement effect became better with the increase of carbon-based fertilizer application. Carbon-based fertilizer treatment significantly increased soil pH, improved soil acidity and promoted the effectiveness of soil trace elements. The BF40% treatment had the best effect, which increased soil pH by 27.22%, soil exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium contents by 93.17% and 48.81% respectively compared with OF treatment. Carbon-based fertilizer significantly increased the activities of soil nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, sucrase and hydrogen peroxidase, and the BF40% treatment having the highest overall soil enzyme activity. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between soil volume quality, porosity, water content and field water holding capacity. A significant positive correlation was showed between soil enzyme activity and its corresponding soil nutrient. 【Conclusion】The carbon-based fertilizers can effectively improve soil pore structure, soil acidity, soil nutrients and enzyme activity, with the BF40% treatment being the best effective.
[1] 周颖，周鑫伟，郑听，等.生物炭对药用植物生长影响的研究进展[J].河南农业科学，2022,51(1):11-20.ZHOU Y,ZHOU X W,ZHENG T,et al.Research progress on the effects of biochar on the growth of medicinal plants[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2022,51(1):11-20.
[2] 王志丹，代晓华，刘吉利，等.生物炭对宁夏干旱地区玉米生长及产量的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报，2022,57(1):74-82.WANG Z D,DAI X H,LIU J L,et al.Effect of biochar on growth and yield of maize in arid area of Ningxia[J].Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2022,57(1):74-82.
[3] 李艳梅，张兴昌，廖上强，等.生物炭基肥增效技术与制备工艺研究进展分析[J].农业机械学报，2017,48(10):1-14.LI Y M,ZHANG X C,LIAO S Q,et al.Research progress on synergy technologies of carbon-based fertilizer and its application[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(10):1-14.
[4] 汪坤，魏跃伟，姬小明，等.生物炭基肥与哈茨木霉菌剂配施对烤烟和植烟土壤质量的影响[J].作物杂志，2021(3):106-113.WANG K,WEI Y W,JI X M,et al.Effects of combined application of biochar-based fertilizer and Trichoderma harzianum on the qualities of flue-cured toba-cco and tobacco-growing soil[J].Crops,2021(3):106-113.
[5] WANG X G,ZHANG J H,XIA S B,et al.Effects of combined nitrogenous based inorganic fertilizers and two forms of organic fertilizers on plant phenotypic characteristics and soil bacterial community structure within a cotton field environment[J].Polish Journal of Environmental Studies,2020,29(6):4397-4408.
[6] ZHANG M Y,ZHANG L,RIAZ M,et al.Biochar amendment improved fruit quality and soil properties and microbial communities at different depths in Citrus production[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2021,292:126062.
[7] 李昌娟，杨文浩，周碧青，等.生物炭基肥对酸化茶园土壤养分及茶叶产质量的影响[J].土壤通报，2021,52(2):387-397.LI C J,YANG W H,ZHOU B Q,et al.Effects of biochar based fertilizer on soil nutrients,tea output and quality in an acidified tea field[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2021,52(2):387-397.
[8] 王芳飞.吉安市井冈蜜柚产业发展现状及建议[J].现代农业科技，2020(8):94-95.WANG F F.Development status and suggestions of Jinggang pomelo industry in Ji’an City [J].Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,2020(8):94-95.
[9] 聂根新，周瑶敏，胡丽芳，等.井冈蜜柚主要品质灰色关联度分析评价[J].农产品质量与安全，2021(1):79-82.NIE G X,ZHOU Y M,HU L F,et al.Evaluation of the main quality of the Jinggang honey pomelo based on grey correlation analysis[J].Quality and Safety of Agro-Products,2021(1):79-82.
[10] 旷允慧，赵晓东，陈赣，等.浅谈水肥一体化技术在井冈蜜柚园中的应用[J].现代园艺，2020,43(23):96-97.KUANG Y H,ZHAO X D,CHEN G,et al.Application of water and fertilizer integration technology in Jinggang pomelo garden [J].Xiandai Horticulture,2020,43(23):96-97.
[11] 吴强建，肖委明，赵晓东，等.江西井冈蜜柚种植区果园土壤肥力现状及区域分布特征[J].农业资源与环境学报，2022,39(5):1025-1032.WU Q J,XIAO W M,ZHAO X D,et al.Status,spatial distribution,and fertility of soil in pomelo orchaards in Jinggang,Jiangxi Province [J].Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment,2022,39(5):1025-1032.
[12] 余璇，文婷，马青龄，等.金沙柚果实品质与土壤、叶片、果实矿质养分的相关性分析[J].江西农业大学学报，2021,43(1):70-81.YU X,WEN T,MA Q L,et al.Correlation between fruit quality and mineral nutrients in soil,leaf and fruit of ‘Jinsha’ pomelo[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2021,43(1):70-81.
[13] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京：中国农业出版社，2000.BAO S D.Soil and Agricultural Chemistry Analysis[M].3rd ed.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000.
[14] 荀卫兵，王伯仁，冉炜，等.不同施肥制度对南方旱地红壤微生物组结构和功能影响研究进展[J].农业资源与环境学报，2021,38(4):537-544.XUN W B,WANG B R,RAN W,et al.Research progress on the effect of different fertilizations on micro-biome structure and function in upland red soil in Sou-thern China[J].Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment,2021,38(4):537-544.
[15] 柳骁桐，纪立东，孙权，等.炭基肥连续两年施用对土壤质量的影响[J].北方园艺，2021(7):96-103.LIU X T,JI L D,SUN Q,et al.Effects of continuous application of carbon-based fertilizer on soil quality for two years[J].Northern Horticulture,2021(7):96-103.
[16] 卢广远，张艳，王祥福，等.炭基肥料种类对土壤物理性质及玉米产量的影响[J].河北农业科学，2011,15(5):50-53.LU G Y,ZHANG Y,WANG X F,et al.Effects of carbon base fertilizers on soil physical properties and maize yield[J].Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences,2011,15(5):50-53.
[17] 孟繁昊，于晓芳，王志刚，等.生物炭配施氮肥对土壤物理性质及春玉米产量的影响[J].玉米科学，2020,28(1):142-150.MENG F H,YU X F,WANG Z G,et al.Effects of physical property of soil and yield of spring corn by combined application of biochar and nitrogen[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2020,28(1):142-150.
[18] 焦瑞枣，任少勇，王姣，等.炭基肥对马铃薯田土壤容重、孔隙度和养分的影响[J].华北农学报，2015,30(4):231-238.JIAO R Z,REN S Y,WANG J,et al.The effects of carbon based fertilizer on soil bulk density and porosity and nutrient of potato[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2015,30(4):231-238.
[19] 李歆博，林伟杰，李湘君，等.琯溪蜜柚园土壤酸化特征研究[J].经济林研究，2020,38(1):169-176.LI X B,LIN W J,LI X J,et al.Research on soil acidification characteristics of Guanxi pomelo orchards[J].Non-Wood Forest Research,2020,38(1):169-176.
[20] 李怡博，翟春贺，苏梦迪，等.微生物肥与高碳基肥配施对植烟土壤微生物数量和土壤肥力的影响[J].烟草科技，2021,54(4):23-32.LI Y B,ZHAI C H,SU M D,et al.Effects of combined application of microbial fertilizers and high-carbon base fertilizers on soil microbial population and fertility of tobacco growing soil[J].Tobacco Science & Technology,2021,54(4):23-32.
[21] CHINTALA R,MOLLINEDO J,SCHUMACHER T E,et al.Effect of biochar on chemical properties of acidic soil[J].Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science,2014,60(3):393-404.
[22] 战秀梅，彭靖，王月，等.生物炭及炭基肥改良棕壤理化性状及提高花生产量的作用[J].植物营养与肥料学报，2015,21(6):1633-1641.ZHAN X M,PENG J,WANG Y,et al.Influences of application of biochar and biochar-based fertilizer on brown soil physiochemical properties and peanut yields[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2015,21(6):1633-1641.
[23] 潘润，杲悦悦，任国宇，等.炭基肥对土壤性质以及蔬菜生长的影响[J].安徽农业科学，2020,48(21):159-161.PAN R,GAO Y Y,REN G Y,et al.Effects of carbon-based fertilizer on soil properties and vegetable growth[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2020,48(21):159-161.
[24] 魏春辉，任奕林，刘峰，等.生物炭及生物炭基肥在农业中的应用研究进展[J].河南农业科学，2016,45(3):14-19.WEI C H,REN Y L,LIU F,et al.Research progress of application of biochar and biochar-based fertilizer in agriculture[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2016,45(3):14-19.
[25] 雷靖，孙冠利，庄木来，等.琯溪蜜柚园土壤肥力和叶片营养随树龄的变化[J].中国土壤与肥料，2019(1):166-172.LEI J,SUN G L,ZHUANG M L,et al.The changes of soil fertility and leaf nutrition of Guanxi pomelo orchards with tree-age[J].Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2019(1):166-172.
[26] LAIRD D A,FLEMING P,DAVIS D D,et al.Impact of biochar amendments on the quality of a typical Midwestern agricultural soil[J].Geoderma,2010,158(3/4):443-449.
[27] 赵琳，刘桂珍，钱笑杰，等.炭基肥添加对蜜柚果园酸性土壤pH和交换性能的影响[J].水土保持学报，2022,36(3):244-251.ZHAO L,LIU G Z,QIAN X J,et al.Effects of biochar-based fertilizer on pH and exchange capacity of acidic soil in pomelo orchard[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2022,36(3):244-251.
[28] WANG B,ALLISON S D.Emergent properties of organic matter decomposition by soil enzymes[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2019,136:107522.
[29] SANNINO F,GIANFREDA L.Pesticide influence on soil enzymatic activities[J].Chemosphere,2001,45(4/5):417-425.
[30] 赵芷玉，律泽，魏炜，等.佳乐麝香与镉污染对土壤微生物和酶活性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报，2021,40(8):1738-1745.ZHAO Z Y,Lü Z,WEI W,et al.Joint effects of galaxolide and cadmium on the quantity of soil microorganisms and enzyme activities[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2021,40(8):1738-1745.
[31] 张文婕，杨莉莉，王金花，等.三种抗生素与铜复合污染对土壤过氧化氢酶活性的影响[J].农业资源与环境学报，2020,37(1):135-143.ZHANG W J,YANG L L,WANG J H,et al.Effect of combined pollution of three antibiotics and Cu on soil catalase activity[J].Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment,2020,37(1):135-143.
[32] 黄星瑜，刘小红，匡志明，等.氮素敏感时期水稻分蘖芽的转录分析[J].植物营养与肥料学报，2021,27(7):1247-1257.HUANG X Y,LIU X H,KUANG Z M,et al.Transcriptional analysis of rice tiller buds at nitrogen sensitive stage[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers,2021,27(7):1247-1257.
基本信息:
DOI：10.16445/j.cnki.1000-2340.20220824.001
中图分类号:S154.2;S153;S666.3
引用信息:
[1]吴强建,胡梦蝶,侯松峰,等.减氮配施生物炭基肥对蜜柚土壤理化性质及酶活性的影响[J],2022,56(05):732-741.DOI:10.16445/j.cnki.1000-2340.20220824.001.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200808);; 吉安市重大科技专项(吉财教指[2020]83号);; 井冈山农高区科技计划项目(井农科字[2021]51号)
2022-04-06
2022
2022-08-23
2022
1