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【目的】评价全球气候变暖对中国本土优势天敌棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂控害能力的影响，开展高温胁迫下该蜂的胚胎发育研究。【方法】在32、35、36和37℃持续高温下饲养被寄生的棉铃虫幼虫，定时在体视和相差显微镜下解剖并拍照，观察虫体内棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂胚胎发育状态和特征，与常温25℃的对比，统计姬蜂胚胎发育历期、被包囊率、存活率和发育体积等指标。【结果】在35℃下，棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂的胚胎发育历期为1.78 d，短于常温处理的2.04 d，却长于32℃处理的1.65 d，表明35℃高温已对姬蜂的胚胎发育产生不利影响；与常温相比，高温处理的姬蜂胚胎被包囊率显著增加，存活率显著降低，并对胚胎产生明显的致死效应。37℃高温胁迫下，寄主棉铃虫对姬蜂胚胎的包囊增长率是常温处理的9.76倍，表明高温诱导寄主棉铃虫对姬蜂胚胎的免疫包囊反应上升。此外，36℃高温是该蜂胚胎发育的致死温度，幼虫不能孵化，但胚胎有一定程度的发育；不同姬蜂种群对此高温的耐受性存在明显差异，田间种群室内F2代的胚胎发育程度明显优于室内繁育F15代的。【结论】35℃是棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂胚胎发育的高温阈值，≥36℃高温对胚胎产生完全的致死效应。以胚胎发育为切入点能快速检测高温胁迫对寄生蜂的不利影响。
Abstract：【Objective】Evaluate the effect of global warming on the pest control potential of the dominant natural enemy Campoletis chlorideae in China, the effects of high temperature stress on the embryonic development of this wasp were investigated. 【Method】The parasitized host Helicoverpa armigera larvae were reared at constant high temperature of 32, 35, 36 and 37 ℃, the parasitized larvae were dissected regularly, and photographed using stereomicroscope or phase contrast microscope to observe the embryonic development states and characteristics of C. chlorideae. Compared with those at 25 ℃, the embryonic development duration, encapsulation rate, survival rate and developmental volume of the wasp embryos were calculated and analyzed. 【Result】At 35 ℃, the embryonic development duration of C. chlorideae was 1. 78 d, which was significantly longer than that at 32 ℃ （1. 65 d）, but shorter than that at normal temperature(2. 04 d), indicating that 35 ℃ had an adverse effect on embryonic development. Compared with normal temperature, high temperature conditions significantly increased the encapsulation rate of embryos, decreased the survival rate, and exerted an obvious lethal effect on embryos. Under high temperature stress at 37 ℃, the encapsulation rate increased by 9. 76 times compared to room temperature. This result showed that the immune encapsulation response of Helicoverpa armigera to wasp embryos induced by high temperature increased continuously. The lethal temperature for the embryonic development of this wasp was 36 ℃, at which the larvae could not hatch, but the embryos could develop to some extent. There was significant difference in the tolerance to high temperature between two different strains, the embryonic development of F2 from the field strain was significantly superior to that of F15 laboratory strain. 【Conclusion】The high temperature threshold is 35 ℃ for the embryonic development of C. chlorideae, while temperatures ≥36 ℃ has a lethal effect on the embryo. Using embryonic development as a critical developmental period, the negative effects of high temperature on parasitic wasps can be quickly detected.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16445/j.cnki.1000-2340.20240628.001
中图分类号:S476.3
引用信息:
[1]谷晓行,杨成都,李昊泊,等.高温胁迫对棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂胚胎发育的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2025,59(02):276-284.DOI:10.16445/j.cnki.1000-2340.20240628.001.
基金信息:
河南省高等学校重点科研项目（25B210011）